1839 19 January: Paul C┼╜zanne is born at Aix-en-Provence. The son of Louis-Auguste C┼╜zanne, dealer in and exporter of, hats and a banker, aged forty, and of Anne Elizabeth Honorine Aubert, aged twenty-four. Paul is born out of wedlock but is acknowledged by his father.
1841 4 July: Marie C┼╜zanne, the coupleΓÇÖs second child, is born.
1844 29 January: The parents marry in Aix-en-Provence, thus making the children legitimate.
1848 1 June: Banque C┼╜zanne & Cabassol opens at 24 rue des Cordeliers, Aix-en-Provence; it moves to 13 rue Boulegon in 1856.
1850 Paul begins two years’ attendance at ƒcole Saint-Joseph after having attended the local school.
1852 Paul starts to attend secondary school as a boarder at the Collge Bourbon (now the LycŽe Mignet) with ƒmile Zola, Jean-Baptistin Baille and Louis Marguery. They are known as the ‘Inseparables’.
1854 1 June: Rose Honorine C┼╜zanne, a second sister, is born at Aix-en-Provence.
1857 (or 1858) Paul enrolls at the free School of Drawing in the Prieur┼╜ de Malte (the same place as the museum) in Aix-en-Provence.
1858 December: Paul is compelled by his father to read law at Aix University; he asks Zola, who is in Paris, to enquire about the entrance competition for the ƒcole des Beaux-Arts.
1859 25 August: Paul receives second prize for figure drawing at the School of Drawing.
15 September: Louis-Auguste C┼╜zanne buys the Jas de Bouffan estate.
1860 February: Paul abandons his pretence of studying law, wishing to study painting in Paris.
1861 April: Against the advice of his teacher at the School of Drawing, Paul leaves Aix for Paris, where he stays until September, with Zola dictating his timetable and organizing his budget, and frequents the Atelier Suisse.
September: Probably after failing the entrance competition for the ƒcole des Beaux-Arts, Paul returns to Aix to work in his father’s bank.
1862 Early November: Paul returns to Paris and enrolls again at the Atelier Suisse.
1863 15 May: The opening of the Salon des Refus┼╜s; ManetΓÇÖs D┼╜jeuner sur lΓÇÖHerbe causes a scandal. C┼╜zanne exhibits at the Salon des Refus┼╜s but attracts no attention, although he meets Monet, Degas and Renoir. He applies for permission to make copies in the Louvre.
1866 April: Despite the intervention of Daubigny, C┼╜zanne is refused by the Salon jury.
19 April: C┼╜zanne sends a letter of protest to H. de Nieuwerkerke, the superintendent of Fine Arts, demanding the reinstatement of the Salon des Refus┼╜s.
27 April to 20 May: Writing under the pseudonym Claude, Zola publishes seven articles about the Salon in LΓÇÖEv┼╜nement.
May to early August: CŽzanne makes several visits to Bennecourt (Oise) together with Zola, Chaillan, Baille and Valabrgue. He occasionally visited the CafŽ Guerbois, where Manet and his friends used to meet.
1867 April: Two of C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs paintings, The Wine Grog and Intoxication, are turned down by the Salon jury.
Early June: C┼╜zanne returns to Aix after spending part of the winter and spring in Paris.
1868 April: His work is rejected by the Salon jury.
May to December: He works in the south of France.
1869 Early in the year he meets Hortense Fiquet, a model or dress-maker from the Jura and eleven years his junior. She becomes his companion.
1870 31 May: C┼╜zanne is a witness at the marriage of Zola and Alexandrine Meley at Paris.
Following the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War (19 July), he and Hortense Fiquet take refuge in LΓÇÖEstaque for a year.
4 September: The Republic is proclaimed following the defeat at S┼╜dan (2 September) and the capitulation of Napoleon III.
18 November: While at LΓÇÖEstaque, C┼╜zanne is elected chairman of the committee of the School of Drawing, but he did not attend meetings. The committee is dissolved on 19 April 1871.
1872 4 January: Paul, the son of C┼╜zanne and Hortense Fiquet, is born at 45 rue de Jussieu, Paris. C┼╜zanne acknowledges his son.
April: C┼╜zanne is refused by the Salon. He signs a petition to the Minister of Culture and Fine Arts demanding that a room for the Refus┼╜s be opened in the exhibition at the Salon de lΓÇÖIndustrie.
August: C┼╜zanne joins Pissarro, who has settled at Pontoise, outside Paris. He later moves to the nearby village of Auvers-sur-Oise.
1873 C┼╜zanne spends the entire year with Hortense and their son at Auvers, walking to Pontoise every day to work beside Pissarro. At Auvers he, Pissarro and Guillaumin practise etching in Dr GachetΓÇÖs studio.
1874 Early in the year he returns to Paris.
15 April to 15 May: Three of C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs paintings are shown at the first Impressionist exhibition, including The House of the Hanged Man at Auvers-sur-Oise, which found an immediate buyer.
1875 December: Pre Tanguy sells three of CŽzanne’s paintings to Victor Chocquet, a customs official and collector of Delacroix and Renoir. (Until his death in 1894, Pre Tanguy remained the only dealer in Paris to stock CŽzanne’s works.)
1876 April: C┼╜zanne is in Aix and does not participate in the second Impressionist exhibition. He is refused by the Salon. From this time he works regularly at LΓÇÖEstaque (now a suburb of Marseilles).
1877 C┼╜zanne spends much of the year in Paris.
14–30 April: He exhibits sixteen work in the third Impressionist exhibition. He makes regular visits to the CafŽ de la Nouvelle-Athnes and attends Nina de Villars’s soirŽes, after having been introduced to her by Cabaner, the musician, or by Paul Alexis.
1878 March: He is in the south of France, at Aix, LΓÇÖEstaque or Marseilles, where Hortense and Paul are living. C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs father intercepts a letter from Chocqet, from which he learned about Hortense and his grandson, and threatens to stop his allowance. C┼╜zanne considers looking for a job and asks Zola to help him.
28 May: Zola buys a house at M┼╜dan.
Summer: C┼╜zanne stays at LΓÇÖEstaque.
1879 Early April: C┼╜zanne settles in Melun but regularly returns to Paris.
He regularly visits Zola at M┼╜dan.
During a hard winter he paints snowscapes.
1880 1 April: C┼╜zanne leaves Melun for Paris.
August: Stays at ZolaΓÇÖs house at M┼╜dan.
1881 May to October: C┼╜zanne stays at Pontoise with Hortense and Paul. He sees Pissarro often and meets Gauguin.
Between 1881 and 1885 C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs father has the Jas de Bouffan re-roofed and takes the opportunity to build a studio there for his son.
1882 Second half of January: Renoir spends a few days at LΓÇÖEstaque and again meets C┼╜zanne. They work together in the open air.
May: A portrait by C┼╜zanne is accepted by the Salon by subterfuge. (His name was entered on the register of the Salon as ΓÇÿa pupil of GuillemetΓÇÖ, a member of the jury.)
Summer: C┼╜zanne is at ChocquetΓÇÖs house in Hattenville, Normandy.
November: In his will, C┼╜zanne leaves his estate to his mother and his son.
1883 May: C┼╜zanne stays at LΓÇÖEstaque and explores the countryside around Marseilles and Aix with Monticelli.
End of December: Monet and Renoir visit C┼╜zanne at Aix. He works almost entirely in Provence until 1887.
1884 C┼╜zanne works in Aix and at LΓÇÖEstaque.
1885 He spends the first half of the year in Aix.
Spring: He has a brief and unhappy love affair and asks Zola to keep his correspondence for him.
15 June: He stays at RenoirΓÇÖs house at La Roche Guyon.
August: C┼╜zanne is in Aix, from where each day he travels to Gardanne, a village about 12km away, returning to the Jas de Bouffan every evening.
1886 C┼╜zanne is at Gardanne.
31 March: Following the publication of ZolaΓÇÖs novel LΓÇÖOeuvre, C┼╜zanne breaks with his friend.
28 April: C┼╜zanne marries Hortense Fiquet at Aix-en-Provence, thereby making their son legitimate. His parents attend the wedding.
23 October: C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs father dies.
17 December: Under the terms of their fatherΓÇÖs will, C┼╜zanne and his sisters are left a substantial sum.
1888: January: Renoir makes a short visit to the Jas de Bouffan.
Summer(?): According to his son, C┼╜zanne spent five months in Chantilly.
1889 June: C┼╜zanne stays at ChocquetΓÇÖs house at Hattenville, Normandy.
July to October: With the help of Roger Marx, The House of the Hanged Man at Auvers-sur-Oise is exhibited at the Centenary of French Art at the Universal Exhibition. C┼╜zanne is invited to exhibit with the Belgian group Les Vingts in Brussels.
Renoir visits C┼╜zanne in Provence.
1890 January: Three of C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs paintings are exhibited at the seventh annual exhibition of Les Vingts at the Palais des Beaux-Arts in Brussels.
Summer: C┼╜zanne, Hortense and their son are at Emagny (Doubs). They visit Switzerland: Neuchatel, Berne, Fribourg, Vevey, Lausanne and Geneva.
C┼╜zanne begins to suffer from diabetes.
1891 At Aix. Hortense and Paul stay in an apartment while C┼╜zanne, his mother and his sisters remain at the Jas de Bouffan.
May: ‘Paul CŽzanne’ by ƒmile Bernard in the series Les Hommes d’aujourd’hui is published. On the cover is a portrait of CŽzanne by Pissarro.
1892 C┼╜zanne buys a house in a village near Marlotte.
1894 21 February: Gustave Caillebotte dies, leaving to the nation more than sixty-five works by C┼╜zanne, Degas, Manet, Monet, Pissarro, Renoir and Sisley. After much delay, only a few of the paintings are accepted, the rest being refused and returned to the heir. The inventory reveals that two out of four of C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs works are among those accepted.
September: C┼╜zanne works at Melun.
7ΓÇô30 September: C┼╜zanne stays at HΓäótel Baudy in Giverny, where he visits Monet.
Pre Tanguy dies and six of CŽzanne’s works are bought by Ambroise Vollard, a then unknown dealer.
1895 C┼╜zanne spends the first half of the year in Paris, the second half in Aix.
November: The first retrospective exhibition of his work is held at VollardΓÇÖs gallery. Vollard persuades C┼╜zanne to lend 150 works.
December: C┼╜zanne participates in the first exhibition organized by the Soci┼╜t┼╜ des Amis des Arts in Aix.
1896 Early in year: C┼╜zanne meets Vollard for the first time.
March or April: The relationship begins between C┼╜zanne and Joachim Gasquet, the son of his childhood friend, Henri Gasquet.
Early June: C┼╜zanne has a month-long cure at Vichy.
July: At the request of his wife and son, C┼╜zanne holidays at Talloires, on the shore of Lake Annecy.
Two of his works from the Caillebotte Bequest are accepted by the Luxembourg Gallery.
1897 C┼╜zanne works at Mennecy (Essonne), then at Aix.
June(?) to September: He rents a country house in Le Tholonet until the autumn, working in the open air on landscapes and the Bib┼╜mus quarry.
25 October: C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs mother dies at Aix. The director of the Berlin National Gallery bought two of C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs paintings from Durand-Ruel, only to have them banned by the Kaiser.
1898 C┼╜zanne spends the first half of the year at Aix and the second half in Paris.
9 May to 10 June: Sixty of his paintings are exhibited at VollardΓÇÖs gallery.
Summer(?): C┼╜zanne works at Montgeroult and Marines (Val dΓÇÖOise) near Paris.
1899 After a few months in Paris, C┼╜zanne returns to Aix. His canvases are commanding high prices in the sale of the Chocquet collection.
18 September: C┼╜zanne is forced to sell the Jas de Bouffan.
Autumn: He returns to Aix to sort out moving and clearing his studio and rents an apartment at 23 rue Boulgeon, where he has a studio built in the attic.
21 October to 26 November: He exhibits two still lifes and a landscape at the Salon des Ind┼╜pendants.
End of November to December: Forty of his paintings are exhibited at VollardΓÇÖs gallery.
End of year: Vollard buys his entire studio stock.
1900 May: Three of his paintings are included in the Centenary of French Art Exhibition.
November to early January 1901: Thirteen of C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs painting (twelve sent by Durand-Ruel) are exhibited for the first time in a group exhibition at the Bruno and Paul Cassirer Gallery in Berlin. Maurice Denis painted Homage to C┼╜zanne (now in the mus┼╜e dΓÇÖOrsay, Paris).
1901 20 April to 21 May: Two of C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs paintings are exhibited at the seventeenth Salon des Ind┼╜pendants.
16 November: He buys a small country house and land in the Lauves district, north of Aix, and supervises the building of a studio there.
1902 29 March to 5 May: Three of his paintings are exhibited at the Salon des Ind┼╜pendants.
26 September: He makes a hand-written will, designating his son as his only heir.
29 September: Zola dies in Paris; C┼╜zanne is deeply affected by his death.
1903 January to February: Seven of his paintings are included in the Impressionist exhibition at the Vienna Secession.
6ΓÇô13 March: The sale by auction of part of ZolaΓÇÖs estate is held at the HΓäótel Drouot; this includes nine of C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs paintings, of which Auguste Pellerin bought five.
31 October to 6 December: C┼╜zanne exhibits for the first time at the Salon dΓÇÖAutomne (although his name did not appear in the catalogue).
1904 4 February: ƒmile Bernard, returning from Egypt via Marseilles, spends a month at Aix, working in a ground-floor room of CŽzanne’s studio. They also work together in the open air.
April to June: C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs works are exhibited at the Paul Cassirer Gallery in Berlin.
July: ‘Paul CŽzanne’, an article by ƒmile Bernard, is published in L’Occident.
15 October to 15 November: An entire room at the second exhibition of the Salon dΓÇÖAutomne is devoted to C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs work.
1905 January to February: Ten of his paintings are included in a group exhibition organized by Durand-Ruel at the Grafton Galleries in London.
End of March: ƒmile Bernard visits CŽzanne for the last time.
June: An exhibition of C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs watercolours is held in VollardΓÇÖs gallery.
Summer: C┼╜zanne works at Fontainebleau.
8 October to 25 November: Ten paintings are exhibited at the Salon dΓÇÖAutomne in Paris.
1906 End of January: Maurice Denis and Ker-Xavier Roussel visit C┼╜zanne at Aix.
6 October to 15 November: Ten of his paintings are included in the Salon dΓÇÖAutomne.
15 October: Working outdoors, C┼╜zanne collapses in a sudden thunderstorm and is carried home in a laundry cart.
16 October: After going to his studio to work on VallierΓÇÖs portrait, he returns home, unwell.
22 October: Madame Br┼╜mond, the house-keeper, sends a telegram to his son to say his father is dying. His wife and son arrive too late.
23 October: C┼╜zanne dies at seven oΓÇÖclock in the morning at his home, 23 rue Boulegon, aged sixty-seven.
24 October: C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs funeral takes place at the Cathedral of Saint-Sauveur, Aix-en-Provence.
1907 1–16 October: ‘Souvenirs sur Paul CŽzanne’ by ƒmile Bernard is published in the Mercure de France (republished 1925).
Further Reading
Adriani, G., C┼╜zanne Watercolours, New York, 1983
Bast, K., The Art of C┼╜zanne (translated by Sheila Ann Ogilivie), Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1965
Cachin, Franoise and Richel, Josef J., CŽzanne, Tate Gallery, London, 1996
Chappuis, A., The Drawings of Paul C┼╜zanne (2 volumes), Greenwich, Connecticut, and London, 1973
Doran, P.M. (ed.), Conversations avec C┼╜zanne, Paris, 1978
Gowing, L., Watercolour and Pencil Drawings by C┼╜zanne, London, 1973
Howard, M. C┼╜zanne, London, 1990
Kendall, R., C┼╜zanne by Himself, London, 1988
Merleau-Ponty, M., ΓÇÿSense and Non SenseΓÇÖ, Paris, 1948, reprinted in J. Weschler (ed.), C┼╜zanne in Perspective, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1975
Rewald, J., Paul C┼╜zanne, A Biography, London and New York, 1939 (reprinted 1986)
Rewald, J. (ed.), Paul C┼╜zanneΓÇÖs Letters, Oxford, 1976 (4th edition)
Rewald, J., Paul C┼╜zanne: The Waterclours, A Catalogue Raisonn┼╜, London and New York, 1983
Rewald, J., C┼╜zanne, A Biography, London and New York, 1986
Royal Academy of Arts, C┼╜zanne: The Early Years, 1859ΓÇô172, London, 1988
Rubin, W. (ed.), Cezanne, The Late Work, Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1977
Schapiro, M., C┼╜zanne, New York, 1965
Shiff, R., Cezanne and the End of Impression, Chicago and London, 1984
Venturi, L., C┼╜zanne, son art, son oeuvre (2 volumes), Paris, 1936
Verdi, Richard, C┼╜zanne and Pousin: The Classical Landscape, National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1990
